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At the top of the U.S. judicial branch, sits the supreme court, with 8 justices and the chief justice.
These justices serve life terms(they're old). The cases brought to them are cases that have been appealed.
The justices have a power, they can choose which cases they want to make a ruling on(about 1% of the cases they see).
They rule cases that are historical, like segregation cases in the 50's and 60's and constitutional rights cases. Also, they rule cases that had conflict between different lower courts on the interpretation of the law.
Once the supreme court makes a decision, it is final, and more than likely, historical.